Strigiformes – Owls

This order is divided into two families: the typical owls (Strigidae) and the barn owls (Tytonidae). Each family and species within Strigiformes presents unique traits, but all share common owl characteristics that make them adept nocturnal predators.

Size among these birds of prey varies greatly, from the diminutive Elf owl, which is the smallest owl species and can weigh as little as 40 grams (1.4 ounces), to the formidable Eurasian eagle-owl, which can tip the scales at around 4 kg (8.8 pounds). This variation in size is a remarkable example of how different species of owls have evolved to fill specific ecological niches.

Strigiformes are primarily known for their nocturnal habits, although some species are crepuscular, preferring to hunt during the twilight hours of dusk and dawn. This behavioral adaptation allows them to exploit different feeding opportunities and avoid competition with diurnal raptors.

Their anatomy is specialized for silent flight; soft feathers allow them to glide noiselessly through the air as they approach their prey. Owls possess solid and sharp beaks designed for tearing, and their talons are formidable tools for grasping and killing prey. These talons are attached to feathered legs, which may also aid in muffling sound during flight.

The forward-facing eyes of owls provide them with binocular vision, granting exceptional depth perception vital for detecting prey in low-light conditions. Moreover, these birds have a flexible neck structure that allows them to turn their heads up to 270 degrees, compensating for their eyes’ inability to move within their sockets.

Another fascinating aspect of owl biology is their method of consuming prey. Owls often swallow their prey whole, and their digestive system separates the digestible tissue from the indigestible parts like feathers, bones, and fur. These indigestible parts are then regurgitated as compact pellets. These pellets provide valuable information to researchers studying the diet and hunting patterns of owls.