Atelerix – African hedgehogs

These hedgehogs are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and are among the most familiar and widely studied species of hedgehogs in the world. They are known for their rounded bodies covered in short, stiff spines, short legs, and pointed faces, giving them a signature look that’s hard to mistake.

Their spines, which are modified hairs made of keratin, serve as their main form of defense. When threatened, they can roll into a tight ball, hiding their face, belly, and limbs while presenting only a sharp, uninviting surface. Beneath the spines, their fur is usually soft and ranges in color from white to brown or gray. Their eyesight is not great, but they make up for it with an excellent sense of smell and hearing, which helps them find food and avoid danger.

These hedgehogs are insectivores and omnivores, feeding on insects, snails, worms, small vertebrates, and occasionally fruit or fungi. They are active foragers, using their snouts to dig through leaves and soil in search of a meal. In the wild, they live in savannas, woodlands, grasslands, and even near human dwellings. Some species, like the four-toed hedgehog, have adapted well to semi-urban environments and are sometimes kept as exotic pets, though this has raised concerns about their welfare and conservation in some regions.

Hedgehogs in the Atelerix genus are known for their self-anointing behavior — when they encounter a new or strong smell, they may lick or chew the object, then spread the scented saliva on their spines. Scientists still aren’t sure why they do this, but theories include scent camouflage, communication, or even protection. Another fun detail: the four-toed hedgehog is named for its lack of a fifth toe on its hind feet, though this doesn’t affect its balance or movement.