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    Caloenas

    Most of its body is cloaked in tough, overlapping scales made of keratin, the same material as our hair and nails

    This genus is unique not only in its appearance but also in its distribution and behavioral characteristics. Currently, the best-known species within this genus is the Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica), which is the only living species, although fossils of other extinct species like the Kanaka pigeon (Caloenas canacorum) also exist.

    Nicobar pigeons are robust birds with a striking appearance that sets them apart from their more mundane cousins in urban areas. Adults are predominantly slate gray with an iridescent sheen that reflects spectacular colors such as greens, blues, and coppers when hit by sunlight. This metallic sheen is most pronounced around the neck and head. Adding to their allure are their long hackles and short, white tail. A remarkable feature is their thick, curved beak, which is larger and more robust than that of typical pigeons found in cities.

    These birds are ground feeders, primarily consuming seeds, fruits, and occasionally small invertebrates, foraging on the forest floors of small islands and coastal regions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

    These pigeons notable for their role in the ecosystem as seed dispersers By consuming a variety of fruits and seeds, they play a crucial part in maintaining the health of their habitats. As they move from island to island, they help in the germination of many plant species by dispersing seeds through their droppings.

    A fun fact about the Nicobar pigeon is its close genetic relation to the extinct dodo bird. Genetic studies have shown that the Nicobar pigeon is one of the closest living relatives to the dodo, providing valuable insights into this extinct species. The similarities in their DNA suggest a fascinating evolutionary lineage that links these vibrant, iridescent birds to one of history’s most famous examples of extinction.