Callipepla – Crested quails

These birds are famous for their plump, round bodies, short wings, and most notably, their curved topknot of feathers that bobs when they move. This “feather cap” gives them a comical yet charming appearance, making them one of the most recognizable types of quails. The genus includes well-known species such as the California quail (Callipepla californica), the Gambel’s quail (Callipepla gambelii), the scaled quail (Callipepla squamata), and the elegant quail (Callipepla douglasii). Each species has its own flair, but all share the distinctive social and ground-loving habits that set this genus apart.

What makes Callipepla special compared to other quails is their highly social nature. They live in groups called coveys, which can include a dozen or more individuals, especially outside of the breeding season. These coveys forage together on the ground, scratching for seeds, leaves, and insects while keeping an eye out for predators. When threatened, they prefer to run quickly through brush rather than take flight, a behavior that adds to their endearing personality. Their calls are also distinctive and often sound like cheerful whistles echoing across dry landscapes.

Each species in this genus has a unique style. The California quail has a scaly pattern on its belly and is the state bird of California, often seen in gardens and parks as well as wild chaparral. The Gambel’s quail, found in desert regions, sports a rich chestnut cap and bold black markings. The scaled quail is nicknamed the “cotton-top quail” for the pale crest on its head, while the elegant quail, as its name suggests, has a more striking and colorful plumage, found mostly in northwestern Mexico. Despite their different looks, they share the topknot feather, which is like the quirky “signature hat” of the Callipepla family.