Cyclanorbis – Sub-Saharan flapshell turtles

These turtles belong to the family Trionychidae, the same family as the well-known Asian and North American softshell turtles. What makes them so special is their rare and secretive lifestyle, combined with their unusual physical traits that set it apart from most other turtles. There are only two living species in this genus—the Nubian flapshell turtle (Cyclanorbis elegans) and the Senegal flapshell turtle (Cyclanorbis senegalensis). Both are distinguished by their soft, leathery shells, which lack the hard scutes (scales) typical of most turtles. Instead, their shells are flexible and covered in a smooth, leathery skin that helps them glide effortlessly through the water.

One of the most striking features of these turtles is their ability to blend into their surroundings. Their flattened bodies, muted colors, and soft shells act as perfect camouflage against riverbeds and muddy banks. Unlike hard-shelled turtles that rely on their armor for defense, Cyclanorbis species depend on stealth and speed. They bury themselves in sand or mud with just their eyes and nostrils exposed, ambushing unsuspecting prey like fish, snails, and crustaceans. Their long, snorkel-like noses let them breathe while mostly submerged, allowing them to stay hidden for long periods—a clever trick in the wild.

Cyclanorbis turtles have a peculiar feature called “flaps” of skin on the underside of their shells—hence the name “flapshell.” These flaps can cover their limbs and head when retracted, offering extra protection despite their soft shells. They also have the fascinating ability to absorb oxygen through their skin and throat lining while underwater, allowing them to stay submerged longer than most turtles.