Geosciurus

These animals are well-known for their adaptations to arid environments, particularly the open grasslands, savannas, and semi-deserts of countries like South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. Unlike tree squirrels, Geosciurus species live entirely on the ground, digging complex burrow systems and forming surprisingly social and cooperative communities.

Their fur is short and coarse, usually brownish-gray with white stripes along the sides, and a pale belly. One of their most notable features is their large, fluffy tail, which they often hold over their backs like an umbrella to provide shade from the hot African sun—a clever and natural form of sun protection.

These squirrels are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, especially in the cooler hours of morning and late afternoon. They live in burrow networks, which serve as safe shelters from predators and the harsh climate. A single burrow system can have multiple entrances and may be shared by multiple individuals, usually females and their offspring. Males tend to roam more and visit multiple groups during the breeding season.

Geosciurus species are primarily herbivores, feeding on roots, seeds, grasses, and occasionally insects. Because they live in dry environments, they obtain much of their water from the plants they eat. They are also excellent diggers, using their sharp claws and strong forelimbs to excavate both food and shelter. To escape predators like snakes, jackals, or birds of prey, they rely on vigilance and speed—and when one squirrel spots danger, it will alert the group with a series of warning calls.