Heliosciurus – Sun squirrels

These squirrels are so named not because they bask in the sun more than other squirrels, but because some species have a distinctive iridescent sheen to their fur, especially when caught in bright sunlight. The name “Heliosciurus” literally means “sun squirrel,” and it reflects their somewhat radiant appearance and active, diurnal lifestyle.

There are about six recognized species in the genus, including the red-legged sun squirrel (Heliosciurus rufobrachium) and the mutable sun squirrel (Heliosciurus mutabilis), each with slightly different coloration and range. These squirrels are typically found in forests, woodland savannas, and forest edges, and they have adapted well to both primary (undisturbed) and secondary (regenerating) forests.

Sun squirrels’ fur is dense and usually grayish, brown, or olive, often with reddish or rust-colored legs or flanks, depending on the species. Some sun squirrels have fur that shows a greenish or bronze shimmer under bright sunlight—an unusual and beautiful trait that sets them apart from many other squirrel species.

These squirrels are diurnal and arboreal, meaning they are active during the day and spend most of their time in trees. However, they can also descend to the ground to forage. Their diet includes a wide range of fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers, insects, and occasionally bird eggs. Like other squirrels, they are excellent climbers and jumpers, using their strong hind legs and bushy tails for balance and agility among the branches.

Sun squirrels are generally solitary or live in small family groups, and they are known to be vocal, especially when alarmed. Their calls include high-pitched chattering or trills, used to warn others of potential predators like snakes, raptors, or civets. They often nest in tree hollows, leafy platforms, or dense vine tangles, where they rest and raise their young.