Leucophaeus

A small group of gulls known for their dark plumage, coastal lifestyle, and often distinctive calls. These gulls are primarily found in the Americas, from North and Central America all the way to the southernmost tips of South America. What sets Leucophaeus gulls apart from the more familiar white-and-gray gulls is their sooty gray to black heads during the breeding season, along with their slender builds and often darker wings. They belong to the same family as other gulls (Laridae), but their behaviors and appearance give them a bit more character and charm.

Many of its species are associated with specific regions: for example, the laughing gull is common along Atlantic and Gulf coasts in North America, while the lava gull is found only in the Galápagos Islands and is one of the rarest gulls in the world. The Andean gull, on the other hand, lives high in the South American Andes — quite unusual for a bird typically associated with the coast!

Like most gulls, Leucophaeus species are opportunistic feeders. They eat fish, insects, crustaceans, and even garbage or leftover human food. They’re smart, adaptable, and bold — not shy about exploring beaches, harbors, farmland, or urban areas in search of a meal. Some, like Franklin’s gull, are highly migratory, traveling from inland breeding grounds in North America all the way to South America for the winter. Others, like the lava gull, are more reclusive and territorial, nesting in isolated spots and rarely venturing far from home.

Leucophaeus gulls develop dramatic breeding plumage, including a dark head, bright eye rings, and colorful bills — features that fade during the non-breeding season. Also, their calls are often quite unique. The laughing gull, for instance, is famous for its loud, laughing cry, while Franklin’s gull has a more high-pitched, chattering call.