Sternula

These birds are spread across various parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas, and they thrive in coastal habitats such as beaches, estuaries, lagoons, and even inland water bodies like rivers and lakes. Known for their petite size and remarkable agility, Sternula species play an important role in their ecosystems and are beloved by bird enthusiasts for their delicate appearance and lively behavior.

Birds in the genus Sternula are typically small with pointed wings and forked tails that make them highly maneuverable in the air. Their plumage is predominantly white, with grayish wings and backs, and most species sport a distinct black cap on their heads. One of their standout features is their slender, brightly colored bills, often yellow or orange, which add to their striking appearance.

Members of Sternula are renowned for their fishing prowess. They are primarily piscivorous, feeding on small fish, crustaceans, and insects. Using their keen eyesight, they hover above the water before plunging in to catch prey, often with pinpoint accuracy. This feeding style is not only impressive to watch but also highlights their importance in maintaining healthy fish populations and balanced aquatic ecosystems.

Despite their adaptability, Sternula species face numerous threats, primarily from human activities. Coastal development, habitat degradation, and disturbances from recreational activities like beach tourism can destroy their nesting sites or disrupt breeding. Climate change and rising sea levels further endanger their habitats, especially for species that rely on low-lying coastal areas.