A small, expressive primate native to the eastern forests of Brazil, and one of the most recognizable species of New World monkeys. Weighing less than a pound, it’s easy to overlook in the treetops — but these energetic little creatures are full of personality. Their tails, often longer than their bodies, are used for balance as they dash and leap through the forest canopy.

One of the marmoset’s most interesting features is its unique teeth. Unlike most primates, it has sharp, chisel-like lower incisors that help it gnaw into tree bark to feed on sap and gum — a major part of its diet. This sap-feeding behavior, called “gummivory,” is quite rare among mammals. In addition to sap, they also eat insects, fruits, flowers, and small lizards. Their long fingers and claws (instead of nails) make them excellent climbers, perfectly suited for life in the trees. They are very social animals, living in tight-knit family groups that communicate with high-pitched calls, gestures, and even scent markings to keep in touch and defend territory.

Despite being native to Brazil, common marmosets have been introduced to other parts of the country — and even outside it — where they’ve adapted surprisingly well. In cities, they can sometimes be spotted climbing buildings, using telephone wires like jungle vines. Another fun fact is that these monkeys have been studied in research due to their complex behavior and social intelligence, making them an important species for understanding how humans and other primates evolved. And while they might look cute and cuddly, they can be very territorial and even aggressive toward outsiders, especially when defending their group or food sources.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Brazil

LC

2015