As the largest of the world’s big cats, the tiger’s imposing presence is matched only by its striking beauty, vibrant coat, and distinctive black stripes. These stripes serve not only as a means of identification but also distinguish the tiger from other large felines such as lions and panthers.
Beyond its physical prowess and beauty, the tiger holds a significant ecological role as an umbrella species. By protecting the tiger and its habitat, we inadvertently conserve the broader ecological networks that support a multitude of other species. The health and sustainability of these ecosystems are closely linked to the tiger’s presence, underlining the importance of its conservation for maintaining biodiversity.
In many Asian cultures, the tiger is revered not just as a symbol of wilderness but as a deity or guardian, embodying strength, courage, and protection. This deep cultural reverence, however, contrasts sharply with the grim reality that tigers face today. Valued for their body parts in the illegal wildlife trade, tigers are pushed further toward the brink of extinction.
The relentless demand for tiger parts has contributed to a dramatic loss of both habitat and population. Over the last century, tigers have lost between 85% to 93% of their historic range, alongside a staggering 96% reduction in their population. These figures paint a dire picture of the future awaiting this magnificent species if urgent conservation measures are not implemented.
Tigers possess remarkable adaptations that have allowed them to survive under various environmental pressures. Known for their incredible swimming abilities, tigers navigate rivers and lakes with ease, thanks in part to their partially webbed toes.
The uniqueness of tigers extends to their individuality; much like human fingerprints, no two tigers have the same stripe pattern. This distinctiveness underscores the importance of each tiger in the genetic diversity of the species, which is vital for its survival and adaptation.
Distribution
Afghanistan
Official estimate
Armenia
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Azerbaijan
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Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
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China
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China
China
Hong Kong
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India
Indonesia
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Indonesia
Iran
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Iraq
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Kazakhstan
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Kyrgyzstan
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Laos
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Malaysia
Mongolia
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Myanmar
Nepal
North Korea
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Pakistan
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Russia
Singapore
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Tajikistan
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Thailand
Turkey
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Turkmenistan
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Ukraine
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Uzbekistan
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Vietnam
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Recent updates
April 2023: According to a recent census, India’s wild tiger population, which is the largest in the world, has surpassed 3,000 individuals. This increase is significant for the conservation of endangered species. Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his pride, hailing this milestone as a significant moment for India.
Dec 2022: In the US, the Big Cat Public Safety Act has been approved. This act aims to combat the illegal trading of tiger parts and products, a major factor contributing to the endangerment of wild tigers. Furthermore, it will guarantee the safety of big cats held in captivity and the public by regulating the ownership of big cats with a federal permit.
July 2022: Nepal has seen a dramatic increase in its wild tiger population, with numbers almost tripling since 2009. In line with this, tiger range countries met to begin discussions on the next 12-year commitments for tiger conservation under the Global Tiger Recovery Program.
Did you know?
- Out of 8 subspecies, 3 had already been extinct, of which one is functionally extinct in the wild,
- The rising demand for tiger parts has resulted in the establishment of truly dystopian places such as tiger breeding farms, which actively produce and slaughter tigers for their parts, and has fueled illegal traffic.
- The 13 Tiger Range Countries adopted a Global Tiger Recovery Program in November 2010 during a Tiger Summit in St Petersburg, Russia. By 2022, the intention was to double the population of wild tigers.
- Tigers are excellent swimmers thanks to their partially webbed toes.
- No two tigers have the same stripes.
- Many mammals are dichromatic, and see fewer colors that humans. This is why the Tiger’s camouflage works on them.
- Tigers evolved from a catlike animal called miacid, which lived sixty million years ago and ate insects!
- They may be heard roaring from three kilometers (almost 2 miles) away.
- Tigers feed on hoofed animals and sometimes even other predators like leopards, crocodiles, and bears.
- Their urine smells like buttered popcorn.
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Terrestrial / Aquatic
Altricial / Precocial
Polygamous / Monogamous
Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic
Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal
Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd
Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore
/ Piscivorous / Insectivore
Migratory: Yes / No
Domesticated: Yes / No
Dangerous: Yes / No
Tiger on banknotes
