Müller’s gibbon

When on the ground—a rare sight—they walk bipedally with arms raised for balance, giving them an almost humanlike gait

JJ Harrison


Müller’s gibbon

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When on the ground—a rare sight—they walk bipedally with arms raised for balance, giving them an almost humanlike gait

Population 80,000 – 100,000
>50% decline from 1990 to 2019

Unlike many other gibbons, which have strikingly contrasting black or golden coats, Müller’s gibbon is usually covered in soft gray or brownish-gray fur, sometimes with slightly lighter markings around the face. This more subdued coloration helps it blend into the forest canopy, where it spends nearly its entire life swinging effortlessly among the trees. With long arms, a lightweight body, and no tail, it is perfectly adapted for brachiation—its signature form of locomotion where it swings hand over hand across the branches at high speed. Watching one move is like watching a gymnast fly through the forest.

Many gibbon species are famous for their elaborate, haunting songs, often sung in duets by mated pairs to defend territory and strengthen bonds. Müller’s gibbons, however, are comparatively subdued, with calls that are less complex and less frequent than their relatives. This trait has intrigued scientists, as it suggests they may rely more on subtle communication or their dense rainforest environment makes constant loud calls unnecessary. Still, they do produce distinctive whoops and songs at dawn, which echo beautifully across their forest homes.

Müller’s gibbons are also known for their strong pair bonds and family-oriented social lives. Like other gibbons, they are monogamous, living in small family units usually consisting of a mated pair and their offspring. Both parents defend their territory, care for the young, and maintain the group’s cohesion. Juveniles often stay with their parents for several years before establishing their territories.

Some fascinating trivia highlights make Müller’s gibbon even more memorable. It is one of the few primates that is entirely restricted to Borneo, making it an endemic species and an important part of the island’s biodiversity. Their lack of a tail—unusual for arboreal primates—actually helps them swing more efficiently, relying on balance and arm strength rather than tail support.

Distribution

Country
Population est.
Status
Year
Comments
Indonesia
80,000-100,000
Official estimate
EN
2015
Kalimantan

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Terrestrial / Aquatic

Altricial / Precocial

Polygamous / Monogamous

Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic

Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal

Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd

Diet: Carnivore / Frugivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore

Migratory: Yes / No

Domesticated: Yes / No

Dangerous: Yes / No