A small island in the Indian Ocean and part of the Comoros archipelago, it holds its own distinct place on the ecological map despite its relatively limited area. As an overseas department of France, Mayotte is surrounded by one of the largest lagoons in the world and has a richly diverse marine ecosystem, which is central to its biodiversity significance.

The island’s biodiversity is noteworthy, especially in its marine life, including vast coral reefs that are home to over 760 species of marine fish and 250 species of coral. These coral reefs are crucial for the biodiversity of the region, providing habitat and breeding grounds for a variety of marine species, some of which are endemic to the area.

Four pillars elaborated:

Land Management

Mayotte encompasses an area of approximately 374 km² (144 mi²). A significant portion of this land and surrounding marine areas are designated as protected zones, crucial for conserving the island’s unique biodiversity, especially its marine life and coastal ecosystems.

The Mayotte Marine Natural Park covers much of the island’s surrounding waters, which are recognized for their rich coral reefs and diverse marine species. These areas are managed with a focus on conservation and sustainable use, aiming to protect biodiversity and support local communities dependent on these resources.

Pesticide usage and agricultural impact in Mayotte are minimal due to the limited scope of farming on the island, which helps in maintaining healthier ecosystems compared to more industrialized regions. However, challenges like illegal fishing and the impact of climate change on coral reefs are significant concerns that require ongoing management and international cooperation.

Threats to Biodiversity

In Mayotte, the risk of species extinction is relatively low, thanks in part to the concerted conservation efforts and the island’s isolation, which reduces the impact of certain human activities. The Red List Index (RLI), which assesses the risk of species extinction, shows favorable outcomes for the local biodiversity.

The majority of Mayotte’s natural habitats, particularly marine environments like coral reefs and mangrove forests, are under some form of protection. These areas are crucial for the reproduction and survival of a variety of marine and terrestrial species. However, challenges remain, particularly in managing marine resources effectively. Overfishing in some areas indicates a need for improved conservation and management strategies to ensure sustainable use of these resources. Furthermore, while Mayotte does not face the same scale of industrial or agricultural pressures as larger regions, local developments and climate change pose risks to its ecosystems.

Capacity and Governance

Mayotte, governed by France as an overseas department, has implemented its own comprehensive strategies for biodiversity conservation, emphasizing the preservation of its unique marine and terrestrial environments. This includes focusing on the island’s extensive coral reefs and critical mangrove forests, which are pivotal to ecological health and local livelihoods.

Mayotte engages in various international collaborations and benefits from EU funding and technical support to enhance capacity building and knowledge sharing. These partnerships help develop effective management practices and conservation strategies tailored to the island’s specific needs.

Financially, the funding for biodiversity conservation in Mayotte comes primarily from the French government and the European Union. These funds are allocated to support habitat preservation, species protection, and sustainable management projects.

Future Trends

Mayotte has a targeted and effective approach to biodiversity conservation within its unique ecological framework. The region implements strategies focused on preserving its marine and terrestrial biodiversity, ensuring sustainable use of resources, and promoting community involvement in conservation efforts.

The local government, in collaboration with the French Ministry for Ecological Transition, emphasizes the protection of Mayotte’s extensive coral reefs and mangrove forests, which are vital to the island’s ecological health and economic well-being. Efforts include managing and reducing pressures from fishing, tourism, and land use changes, all of which contribute to habitat degradation. They also promote participatory planning and community engagement, recognizing the importance of local knowledge and the benefits of involving residents in environmental decision-making processes.

Biodiversity

Mayotte is a noteworthy contributor to global biodiversity, particularly within its marine ecosystems. This French overseas department is surrounded by one of the world’s largest coral lagoons, rich in biodiversity with extensive coral reefs that harbor numerous species of marine fish and corals.

On land, Mayotte hosts a variety of endemic species, including unique reptiles and several species of terrestrial fauna like lemurs and flying foxes, tailored to its isolated and tropical setting. The island’s biodiversity is crucial, featuring significant mangrove forests that are essential for coastal stabilization and support various marine species.