A rare and special species found only in the Calamian Islands of Palawan, Philippines. Unlike most other deer, which gracefully leap away when startled, the Calamian deer has a very unusual habit: it runs low to the ground, ducking under bushes like a hog. This quirky behavior is the reason behind its nickname, “hog deer.” Its body is relatively small and compact compared to other deer, with short legs, a reddish-brown coat, and males sporting modest antlers rather than the large, branching displays seen in other species.

One of the most distinct characteristics of the Calamian deer is its adaptation to island life. Being restricted to just a few islands, it has developed a lifestyle that suits dense thickets, open grasslands, and secondary forests. Its short legs and low-slung running style allow it to maneuver quickly through tangled vegetation, escaping predators and hunters by vanishing into the undergrowth. Unlike large mainland deer that rely on speed and open spaces, this deer survives by staying low, quiet, and hidden.

The Calamian deer is also primarily a grazing animal, feeding on grasses and herbs rather than browsing on leaves or shoots like many other deer. This dietary preference makes it an important grazer in its ecosystem, shaping the vegetation of its island habitats. It is usually seen alone or in small groups rather than in large herds, and while generally shy, it can be surprisingly bold when feeding in open grassy clearings at dawn or dusk.

Because it is found only on the Calamian Islands, it is an endemic treasure of the Philippines, unknown to the rest of the world until relatively recently. Sadly, it is also one of the most endangered deer species, threatened by habitat loss and hunting, which makes protecting it a top priority for conservation.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Philippines

EN

2014