With its shimmering feathers and robust build, it is far from an ordinary pigeon. This bird, native to the coastal regions and islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is a stunning example of nature’s artistry, showcasing a spectrum of metallic hues and a unique lifestyle that distinguishes it from other pigeon species.
The Nicobar pigeon is the only extant member of the genus Caloenas, and it stands out with its impressive size and colorful plumage. These birds typically measure about 40 cm (16 in) in length, making them one of the larger species of pigeons. Their most striking feature is their glossy feathers, which shimmer in iridescent blues, greens, and coppers, particularly around the neck and head. These vibrant colors are complemented by long hackles on the neck, giving the birds a regal appearance. The body is predominantly dark gray, while the tail is short and white, creating a striking contrast.
One of the most unique physical characteristics of the Nicobar pigeon is its thick, hooked beak and the black mask around its eyes, which gives it a somewhat stern expression. This beak is not just for show; it is a crucial tool that helps the bird crack open hard seeds and fruits, which constitute the bulk of its diet. Besides seeds, Nicobar pigeons also feed on fruits and small invertebrates, foraging on the forest floor where they spend much of their time.
A particularly interesting aspect of the Nicobar pigeon’s behavior is its breeding and roosting habits. These birds often travel between islands to find suitable nesting sites, showcasing a remarkable ability for long-distance flight, which is not common among other pigeon species. This mobility ensures genetic diversity and helps spread plant seeds across their habitats, underscoring their role as vital agents of seed dispersal and, therefore, contributors to environmental health.
Distribution
Cambodia
East Timor
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Solomon Islands
Thailand
VietnamAnything we've missed?
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Terrestrial / Aquatic
Altricial / Precocial
Polygamous / Monogamous
Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic
Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal
Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Flock
Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore
Migratory: Yes / No
Domesticated: Yes / No
Dangerous: Yes / No
