This solitary bird is an iconic symbol of the marshes of tropical eastern Africa and is known for its prehistoric appearance, which has remained largely unchanged for millions of years.

The shoebill’s most distinctive feature is its massive bill, which resembles an old-fashioned Dutch clog, giving the bird its common name. This bill is not just a striking feature but also a highly effective tool for hunting. It is incredibly strong and is equipped with a sharp hook at the tip, making it perfect for catching and subduing large, slippery prey such as lungfish, catfish, and even small crocodiles.

Shoebills prefer to inhabit vast, undisturbed wetlands, such as papyrus swamps, reed beds, and seasonally flooded marshes. These environments are rich in biodiversity and provide the shoebill with ample food. Despite its preference for papyrus, the shoebill does not eat this plant; instead, the dense papyrus stands offer a suitable habitat for the fish on which it preys.

The shoebill’s behavior is as remarkable as its appearance. It is known for its statue-like stillness as it waits for prey, standing motionless for long periods. This hunting strategy is similar to that of herons. When prey comes within reach, the shoebill strikes with lightning speed, its bill acting as both spear and cage to trap the catch. It is also known to use its bill to decapitate or crush its prey before swallowing.

Shoebills are most active during the dawn and dusk hours, taking advantage of the cooler temperatures and the movement of fish in shallow waters. Their foraging efficiency is enhanced during these times, as the low light conditions can make it more difficult for prey to spot the predator.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Central Af. Rep.

2018

DR Congo (Kinshasa)

2018

Ethiopia

2018

Non-Breeding

Rwanda

2018

South Sudan

2018

Sudan

2018

Tanzania

2018

Uganda

2018

Zambia

2018