Crotaphytidae – Collared lizards

Commonly known as collared lizards or leopard lizards, it encompasses a group of vividly colored and dynamic reptiles native primarily to the arid and semi-arid regions of North America. These lizards are celebrated for their striking appearances and their agile, energetic behaviors, making them both a favorite among reptile enthusiasts and a subject of interest in ecological studies.

One of the hallmark features of the collared lizards is their distinct coloration and physical structure. They possess robust bodies with relatively large heads and powerful hind limbs, which are well-adapted to sudden bursts of speed. Their tails are long and can be twice the length of their body, aiding in balance and agility. The most noticeable characteristic is the “collar” around their neck—a series of contrasting black bands that stand out against their often bright green, yellow, or brown bodies. This vivid coloration not only serves as a deterrent to predators through its intimidating appearance but also plays a role in communication among their own species.

Collared lizards are known for their remarkable ability to run on their hind legs, a behavior that not only provides them with a speed advantage in escaping predators but also makes them efficient hunters. They can sprint up to 26 km/h (16 mph), covering ground quickly to catch prey or find cover. Their diet is diverse, feeding on insects, smaller lizards, and occasionally small mammals and plant material, making them opportunistic feeders within their desert habitats.

Collared lizards are territorial. Males are known to be particularly aggressive in defending their territories, often engaging in visually dramatic displays to ward off competitors. These displays include push-ups, head bobs, and gaping their mouths to show off their bright pink or yellow oral linings, which adds to their threatening demeanor.