Squamata – Snakes & lizards
Scaled reptiles, lizard and snakes, survived the Dinosaurs extinction – but will they survive humans?
The largest order within the Reptiles class comprises an astonishing diversity of reptiles, including snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenians, also known as worm lizards. What unites these creatures are their distinctive scales and specialized jaws, which set them apart from other reptilian groups.
One striking characteristic of Squamata is the presence of horny scales covering their bodies, which they shed periodically as they grow. While some species shed their entire skin in one piece, others shed scales in patches. This shedding process allows Squamates to maintain healthy, flexible skin that accommodates their growth and movement.
Among the many adaptations observed in Squamata is the loss of limbs in certain species, particularly those adapted for burrowing or life underground. This evolutionary change has resulted in legless forms such as snakes and certain species of amphisbaenians, allowing them to navigate through narrow spaces and efficiently pursue prey in their subterranean habitats.
Their highly mobile jaws are specially jointed to open their mouths extremely wide. This remarkable flexibility is most evident in snakes, which can swallow prey whole, often larger than their own heads. With astonishing efficiency, this extraordinary feeding strategy allows snakes to consume prey such as rodents, birds, and even other reptiles.
While most Squamates reproduce by laying eggs, approximately 100 species within the order are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young. This reproductive strategy is particularly common among certain species of lizards and snakes, providing offspring with additional protection and resources during their early development.
Did you know?
- All snakes are predators; some lizards are herbivores.
- Females of some lizard species exhibit Asexual reproduction – giving birth to genetically identical females!
- Only a few tens of snakes species are dangerous to humans.
- Chameleons, geckos, and some snakes have adhesive pads on their feet that allow them to climb and cling to surfaces
- Most lizards can lose their tails in defense
Families in this order
Snakes
Most serpents are here. In fact, it’s hard to draw generalizations in a family so big
Paralyzing snakes— cobras, mambas, kraits, sea snakes and allies
Some rattle and some don’t, but you better be warned because they all have a deadly slit-eyed stare, long fangs, and a lethal bite
Smallest known snakes; adapted to digging and feed on ants and termites
Capable of creating intricate tunnel systems beneath the surface of the sand
Gigantic non-venomous snakes including anacondas and boas, known for their death-dealing coils
Good old pythons might not lurk around much longer
Lizards
These lizards look and move like snakes with tiny legs
Unique for their vocalizations and known for their climbing ability with specialized toe pads
Surfing to gliding, they do it all!
Endemic to South America, this family includes the southernmost reptiles on earth
A special way of expression with an equally unique view of world
Small lizards found dwelling in hot sandy or rocky deserts
The geckos with leafy feet and global reach
You can find them huddled up in rocky cervices in African deserts.
Performing acrobatic miracles on the water
Small to medium sized brightly colored terrestrial lizards
Bronze or grey, legs aren’t their forte
Brain with brawn, monitors are a delight to observe!
They only look dangerous!
Monster-like heavy footed gait, a striking appearance and a venomous defense
