Flectonotus – Brazilian treefrogs

A small but incredibly interesting group of frogs found in northern South America, particularly in countries like Brazil, Venezuela, Trinidad, and parts of Colombia. What makes Flectonotus so fascinating is the way the females carry their eggs—not in ponds or on leaves, but in a pouch on their back, where the eggs develop in safety. Unlike many frogs that lay their eggs in water and leave them to hatch as tadpoles, Flectonotus species practice direct development. This means that the eggs grow into fully formed little froglets right inside the mother’s dorsal pouch, skipping the free-swimming tadpole stage entirely.

Flectonotus frogs are usually small in size, and their bodies are well adapted for an arboreal or tree-dwelling lifestyle. They have flattened bodies and large, sticky toe pads that help them cling to leaves, branches, and other surfaces in their humid forest environments. Their coloration tends to be subtle—usually browns, greens, and grays—which gives them excellent camouflage among the mosses and foliage where they spend most of their time. During the day, they often hide in curled leaves or under bark, emerging at night to feed on small insects and invertebrates. Their quiet, gentle nature and tendency to remain still for long periods make them easy to miss, which is one reason why they’re not commonly seen in the wild despite their relatively broad distribution.

Their reproductive strategy and morphology make them stand out in the frog world. The skin of the female’s back forms a sealed pouch where eggs are placed after mating. This pouch is not just a flap of skin; it’s a fully functional structure that provides moisture, protection, and a stable environment for the developing embryos.