Add Animal
    Mammals
    Mammals Birds Amphibians Reptiles Animals Ray-finned fishes Myxini – Hagfishes Petromyz' – Lampreys Sharks & rays Holocep' – Chimaeras Dipneusti – Lungfish Coelac' – Coelacanths Insecta – Insects / bugs Gastropoda – Snails & slugs Cephalopoda – Squids & octopuses Arachnida – Spiders & scorpions Malacostraca – Malacostracans Diplopoda – Millipedes Bivalvia – Marine molluscs Chilopoda – Centipedes Pycnogonida – Sea spiders Merostomata – Horseshoe crabs More Classes
    Filters

    Regions

    See AllSelect

    Habitat

    See AllSelect

    Glyptodontidae – Glyptodonts

    Meet the prehistoric relatives of armadillos

    Glyptodontidae, an extinct family of armored mammals, once roamed the grasslands and forests of South and North America, painting a picture of a world vastly different from ours. From the Eocene to the Pleistocene epoch, glyptodonts shared a common lineage with modern armadillos, part of the superorder Xenarthra, including anteaters and sloths. However, glyptodonts were on a scale of their own, both in size and in the robustness of their armor.

    These prehistoric creatures were the behemoths of their time, with some species reaching lengths of up to 3 meters (10 feet) and weighing over a ton. Unlike their armadillo cousins, which can curl into a ball for protection, glyptodonts possessed a solid, dome-shaped carapace of hundreds of tightly interlocking bony plates or osteoderms. This armor provided formidable protection against predators of the era, including the saber-toothed cat. Their skulls were also armored, leaving only the underparts of their body more vulnerable.

    The tail of a glyptodont was a remarkable evolutionary adaptation, varying in structure among different species. Many had tails encased in a bony sheath, ending in a massive club or spikes. These tails were not merely for show; they served as powerful weapons that could be swung with devastating effect against predators or rivals.

    Glyptodonts were herbivores, feeding on the abundant grasses and other plant materials in their habitats. Their teeth were flat and suited to grinding vegetation, indicative of their diet. The structure of their jaws and the wear patterns on their teeth suggest they could process a wide variety of plants, making them versatile feeders within their ecosystems.

    Living probably in small groups or herds, glyptodonts likely had social structures that facilitated protection against predators and efficient foraging. The fossil record, including numerous finds in locations such as Argentina and Brazil, points towards a widespread distribution across the Americas, indicating they were successful in various environmental conditions.