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    Myliobatiformes – Stingrays & allies

    These graceful rays with flat elegance are the evolutionary descendants of sharks

    Myliobatiform rays are the most advanced group among batoids (Rays) and possess distinctive characteristics. Their pectoral disc can be oval, triangular, or kite-shaped, sometimes elaborated into graceful wings-like. The tails range from moderately stout to slender, loaded with saw-edged spines or stings on the dorsal surface, serving as defensive weapons.

    Mantas and devil rays (Mobula sp.) have paddle-like cephalic fins for funnelling plankton into their large mouths as filter feeders. The majority of stingray species are bottom-dwellers feeding on buried molluscs and crustaceans. In contrast, the pelagic species usually eat squids. Certain subfamilies are called nutcracker rays due to their fused teeth into plates that crush hard shells of organisms.

    Interestingly, mother Myliobatoids secrete high-protein substances (uterine milk) to nourish developing embryos. Some species have special uterus parts that can deliver nourishing secretions through spiracles to the baby ray’s pharynx.

    Critical habitats, such as estuaries, coastal areas, and coral reefs, serve as essential nurseries and feeding grounds for many species within the Myliobatiformes order. The destruction and degradation of these habitats due to factors like pollution, habitat loss, and coastal development significantly impact the populations of Myliobatiformes and their overall ecosystem.

    Did you know?

    •  Myliobatiformes are known for their complex social behaviours. Some species, such as the manta rays, exhibit cooperative feeding behaviours, where individuals work together to corral and consume prey. They also engage in courtship rituals and group aggregations, demonstrating social interaction and communication within their species.
    • Myliobatiformes possess specialized organs called ampullae of Lorenzini that allow them to produce and detect electrical signals. A process by which electricity is produced is called electrogenesis.