Pristidactylus

A fascinating group of lizards found in South America, particularly in Chile and Argentina, and they are sometimes called Chilean iguanas. These reptiles belong to the family Leiosauridae and are closely tied to temperate forests, rocky hillsides, and shrublands. What sets Pristidactylus apart from many other lizards is their stocky body, short head, and strong limbs, which give them a rugged, almost prehistoric look. Unlike sleek, fast-running lizards that dash across open ground, members of this genus are built more like climbers and scramblers, able to navigate through rocky crevices, shrubs, and forested areas with ease. Their scales are also rougher and more keeled than those of many other lizards, adding to their armored appearance.

Another distinct characteristic of Pristidactylus lizards is their sexual dimorphism—males and females can look noticeably different. Males tend to be larger, with more robust heads, and often develop brighter colors during the breeding season, while females usually remain smaller and duller for better camouflage. These differences help the species with reproduction: males use their strength and displays to compete for mates, while females focus on hiding and protecting themselves while carrying eggs. Unlike some lizard groups that rely heavily on flashy colors for communication, Pristidactylus often uses postures, head-bobbing, and body positioning as signals, making their social interactions subtle but still expressive.

Pristidactylus species are also generalist feeders, eating a variety of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates, and sometimes nibbling on plants or fruits when available—this mixed diet helps them adapt to seasonal changes in their habitats. Their climbing ability allows them to forage both on the ground and in shrubs, giving them a wider feeding range than many ground-dwelling lizards.