Prosymnidae – Shovel-snouts snakes
Relatively slow movers on the surface, making them vulnerable outside their sandy hideouts
Prosymna, commonly known as the shovel-snout snakes or African shovel-snout snakes, is a genus of non-venomous snakes found primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. These snakes are distinctive for their unique adaptations to a burrowing lifestyle, which is evident in their physical appearance and behaviors. They are relatively small and slender, typically ranging from 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) in length, making them less conspicuous but fascinating members of the snake world.
One of the most striking features of Prosymna snakes is their pointed, shovel-shaped snout, from which they get their common name. This specialized snout is not just for show; it is a critical adaptation that allows these snakes to burrow efficiently in sandy and loose soils. The shovel-snout helps them push aside dirt and sand as they move through the ground, searching for their primary prey, which includes eggs of reptiles and, occasionally, small insects and vertebrates.
The body of a Prosymna snake is sleek and covered with smooth scales that decrease resistance as they slide through the soil. Their coloration is typically muted, with shades of brown or gray that blend seamlessly into their natural surroundings, providing excellent camouflage not only from predators but also from potential prey. This coloration helps them maintain stealth, which is crucial for their survival and hunting strategy.
Despite their burrowing nature, Prosymna snakes are not exclusively subterranean. They are known to surface, especially after rains, when their underground habitats may become less hospitable and prey more abundant on the ground. Their activity patterns tend to be diurnal, although they are not commonly seen due to their secretive and elusive nature.
