Pygopodidae – Snake-lizards

Often called flap-footed lizards or legless lizards, it is a unique group of reptiles found primarily in Australia, with a few species also residing in New Guinea. These lizards are fascinating because, despite their appearance, they are not snakes; they are closely related to geckos, sharing many characteristics with them.

One of the most distinctive features of Pygopodidae lizards is that they lack forelimbs (front legs) and their hind limbs are either absent or reduced to small flaps, hence the name “flap-footed.” This legless design helps them move smoothly through sand and leaf litter, mimicking the movement of snakes. Despite their snake-like appearance, these lizards can be differentiated by their eyelids, which they can blink, and external ear openings, both of which are absent in snakes.

Pygopodidae lizards have adapted well to a variety of habitats, from deserts to forests, showcasing their versatility. Their bodies are usually covered in smooth, shiny scales that can vary in color from browns and greens to more vibrant patterns. This coloration helps them blend into their surroundings, providing camouflage from predators.

These lizards are carnivorous, primarily feeding on insects and other small invertebrates. They use their sharp, curved teeth to grasp prey effectively. Some larger species might even consume other lizards. Their hunting strategy often involves lying still and ambushing prey, relying on their camouflage to remain undetected until they strike.

These legless lizards can perform caudal autotomy, a defense mechanism where they can drop part of their tail to escape from predators. The dropped tail segment twitches and wriggles, which can distract a predator long enough for the lizard to escape. Like many other lizards, they can regenerate their tails, although the new one might not be as long or perfectly matched as the original.