Tropiduridae – Neotropical ground lizards

Tropiduridae, commonly known as Neotropical ground lizards, is a family of lizards that are predominantly found throughout South America, with some species also present in parts of Central America and the Galápagos Islands. These lizards are particularly noted for their adaptability to varying ecosystems, including deserts, dry forests, and even urban areas, showcasing their incredible versatility and resilience.

Neotropical ground lizards have robust bodies, strong limbs, and large, round heads, which give them a sturdy appearance suited to their terrestrial lifestyle. Their scales are usually rough, providing a texture that helps protect them from the elements and rough terrain. Coloration among Tropiduridae can vary widely from browns and grays to vibrant greens and reds, often depending on the species and the environmental conditions. This variability in color not only serves as camouflage but also plays a role in thermoregulation, helping the lizards absorb or reflect sunlight as needed.

One of the most distinctive features of these lizards is their ability to change color in response to environmental stimuli such as temperature and stress. This color change is a crucial survival mechanism that allows them to adapt to different temperatures and evade predators by blending into their surroundings. Tropiduridae are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They spend much of their time basking in the sun on rocks, logs, or other elevated spots, which aids in regulating their body temperature.

Neotropical ground lizards are primarily insectivorous, feeding on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates. This makes them important players in their ecosystems, as they help control pest populations. However, some larger species might also consume plant material, making their diet more diverse and helping them to survive in less hospitable environments where insect prey might be scarce.