Tupinambis – Tegus

Includes some of the largest and most intelligent lizards in South America. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, including Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and surrounding countries, Tupinambis lizards are found in savannas, forests, wetlands, and even agricultural landscapes.

Their omnivorous diet and unusually high intelligence set Tupinambis apart from many other lizard species. These lizards eat just about everything: fruit, eggs, insects, small mammals, birds, carrion, and even other reptiles. They’re opportunistic and curious, using their long, forked tongues to sniff out food. Studies have shown they can solve problems and even recognize their keepers in captivity—a rare trait among reptiles. They are also known for seasonal activity shifts, and in cooler climates, some species go through a form of hibernation or dormancy called brumation during colder months.

Tupinambis lizards are heavily built, with thick tails, muscular limbs, and strong jaws that can deliver a powerful bite. They are often patterned with bands or spots of black, brown, cream, or gray, helping them blend in with their surroundings. While they may appear slow and lumbering, they can move quickly when threatened and are capable swimmers. During the breeding season, males may become territorial and display bright coloration to attract mates. They lay eggs in burrows or decaying vegetation, where the heat helps incubate the clutch.