Varanidae – Monitor lizards

Monitors or monitor lizards exhibit lizard and snake-like characteristics but are more closely related to snakes, as suggested by their bifid tongues and hissing sounds. Although they resemble large lizards, their bifid tongues and hissing sounds suggest a closer relationship to snakes. Originally found in Asia, Africa, and Australia, monitors have also been introduced to the Americas.

Monitors are renowned for their exceptional intelligence and are often regarded as the smartest reptiles. Despite their intelligence, they are also shy and cautious creatures. The term “monitor” reflects their vigilant behavior, as they constantly monitor their surroundings for potential threats, such as crocodiles or other dangers, by lifting their necks to get a better view.

These reptiles are equipped with powerful jaws, strong legs, and robust tails, making them formidable predators. Some species, such as the Komodo dragon, can grow to impressive lengths of up to 3 meters (10 feet), further emphasizing their dominance in their ecosystems.

One of the most intriguing aspects of monitors is their saliva, which contains a potent bacteria that can be toxic to their prey. In some cases, monitors will bite their prey and then wait for the bacteria to induce infection, causing the prey to weaken or die before consuming it. This unique hunting strategy demonstrates the cunning and adaptability of these reptiles.

Despite their impressive predatory abilities, monitors play important roles in their ecosystems as both predators and scavengers. They help regulate populations of prey species and contribute to nutrient cycling by scavenging on carrion.