The African Penguin, also known as the Jackass Penguin due to its distinctive braying calls that resemble those of a donkey, is a species endemic to the coastal areas of southern Africa. It’s the only penguin species that breeds on the African continent, with colonies mainly distributed across the southwestern coast, from Namibia to South Africa.

One of the most charming and identifiable features of the African Penguin is its unique pattern of black spots scattered across its white chest, with each individual bearing a different pattern. These spot patterns are akin to human fingerprints in their uniqueness, allowing researchers to identify individual penguins in a colony.

The African Penguin is specially adapted to a warmer climate compared to its Antarctic cousins. The pink glands located above their eyes serve an important thermoregulatory function. These bare patches of skin become more engorged with blood when the temperature rises, allowing the penguin to dissipate excess heat into the air, much like the large ears of an elephant.

In the water, African Penguins are agile and efficient predators. Their streamlined bodies and powerful flippers enable them to dive up to 60 meters deep and swim at speeds of up to 20 kilometers per hour (12 mph) in pursuit of prey. Their diet primarily consists of small schooling fish such as anchovies and sardines, which they catch with precision.

The breeding behavior of African Penguins is also notable. They typically mate for life and return to the same breeding site each year. Nests are constructed in burrows they dig themselves or in natural depressions, and sometimes even in scrapes in the sand. These nesting sites are crucial for protecting their eggs and chicks from the harsh sun and predators.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Atlantic Ocean

2019

Angola

2019

Non-Breeding

Congo-Brazzaville

2019

Non-Breeding

Gabon

2019

Non-Breeding

Mozambique

2019

Non-Breeding

Namibia

2019

South Africa

2019