One of the most visually unique and behaviorally fascinating frogs in the world. Native to the humid cloud forests of Colombia and Ecuador, this elusive amphibian is a member of the Hemiphractidae family—a group famous for its unusual reproductive strategies and strong parental care. What immediately sets it apart is its fearsome appearance. Its “horns” are actually bony projections covered in skin, and while they may appear intimidating, they are mostly used for camouflage and defense. The name “banded” comes from the frog’s distinct pattern of dark and light bands across its body and limbs, which help it blend perfectly into mossy branches, tree bark, and leaf litter.

The banded horned treefrog is a nocturnal, arboreal species, meaning it’s most active at night and spends much of its time in trees or climbing on vegetation. Unlike most frogs that jump away at the first sign of danger, this one has a more confident personality. When threatened, it will often hold its ground, puffing up its body, opening its wide mouth, and even attempting to bite. This defensive behavior, combined with its eerie look, is thought to deter predators. It is also a powerful predator in its own right. While most frogs eat insects, the banded horned treefrog has a broader diet that can include small lizards, other frogs, and larger invertebrates. Its large head and strong jaw allow it to consume surprisingly big prey for its size.

One of the most remarkable features of this species is its reproductive strategy. Like other members of its family, the female carries fertilized eggs on her back, allowing the young to develop in safety. In the banded horned treefrog, the eggs are typically exposed—rather than hidden in a pouch—and are held in place by a sticky secretion.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Colombia

2021

Ecuador

2021