It holds the unique distinction of being the only species of macaque found outside Asia, primarily inhabiting the cedar forests of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and Algeria, with a famously introduced population on the Rock of Gibraltar.

Physically, the Barbary macaque is medium-sized with a sturdy build and possesses a distinctive lack of a tail, which often causes it to be mistakenly identified as an ape. Adults typically showcase a coat of thick, yellow-brown to grey fur, which helps them withstand the cooler temperatures of their mountainous habitats. Their faces are framed with darker fur, and their expressive eyes are a focal point for their highly social interactions.

The Barbary macaque’s diet is versatile, mainly consisting of plants and insects. During the warmer months, they consume a variety of fruits, leaves, and roots, while in the colder seasons, they may also eat bark and conifer needles, showcasing their adaptability to their environment. This varied diet helps them play a crucial role in their ecosystem as seed dispersers, aiding in the regeneration of their forest habitats.

A peculiar and endearing trait of the Barbary macaque is its interaction with tourists, especially in Gibraltar, where they are known for their fearless approaches to visitors, often driven by the allure of food. This interaction, while charming, underscores a significant conservation challenge, as feeding by humans can lead to unhealthy diets and alter natural behaviors. Moreover, the species is listed as endangered due to habitat loss, overgrazing by livestock, and illegal pet trade, which have all contributed to a decline in their populations.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Algeria

1,500–3,500

Official estimate

EN

2016

Gibraltar

2016

Introduced

Morocco

8,000–9,000

Official estimate

EN

2016

Tunisia

Official estimate

EX

Extinct locally