One of the most resilient and fascinating serpents of the sea—a true survivor of some of the world’s hottest, saltiest waters. Endemic to the Persian Gulf and nearby waters of the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, this sleek marine reptile has evolved to thrive where few others can.
This species is medium-sized, with a slender, laterally flattened body perfectly shaped for gliding through the sea. Its most distinctive feature is its pattern of alternating dark and light bands, often black or dark brown on a background of creamy yellow, silver, or pale gray. The tail is broad and paddle-like, functioning as a powerful fin for propulsion, while the small head and narrow neck allow it to slip effortlessly between coral branches and along sandy seafloors. Its smooth, glossy scales reduce drag, making it one of the most efficient swimmers among sea snakes.
The Persian Gulf sea snake is an active, fully marine species, living entirely at sea and rarely, if ever, coming to shore. It is most commonly found in shallow coastal waters, coral reefs, and muddy or sandy bottoms, especially in the warm, hypersaline waters of the Persian Gulf—one of the saltiest marine environments on Earth. Where many marine species struggle to survive, this snake has adapted beautifully. Its specialized salt glands filter excess salt from its bloodstream, while its valved nostrils prevent seawater from entering when it dives. It can remain submerged for over an hour, absorbing some oxygen directly through its skin, an incredible adaptation for a reptile.
The Persian Gulf sea snake is a carnivorous ambush predator, feeding mainly on small fish and eels that it hunts among coral and seagrass beds. Its venom, though extremely potent, is designed for speed and precision, immobilizing prey almost instantly. Despite its deadly weaponry, it is non-aggressive toward humans and will only bite if provoked or handled. Divers who encounter it often describe it as calm and graceful, gliding past with quiet curiosity rather than fear.
Distribution
Indian ocean
Bahrain
Bangladesh
India
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Malaysia
Myanmar
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Thailand
UAEAnything we've missed?
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Terrestrial / Aquatic
Altricial / Precocial
Polygamous / Monogamous
Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic
Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal
Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd
Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore
Migratory: Yes / No
Domesticated: Yes / No
Dangerous: Yes / No
