A semi-aquatic rodent found mainly in Spain, Portugal, and southern France, where it thrives in rivers, marshes, irrigation canals, and rice fields. At first glance, it might look like an oversized mouse or a small muskrat, but this species is actually a cousin of the common European water vole (Arvicola amphibius). It has a stout, rounded body, small ears, short legs, and a long tail, all covered in dense brown fur that helps it stay warm in watery habitats. Its appearance is so soft and plump that people often underestimate how hardy and resourceful it really is.

What makes the Southwestern water vole distinct from its northern relative is its preference for milder, Mediterranean climates and its specialized diet. While many water voles feed heavily on grasses and sedges, this species is particularly fond of aquatic plants, rice, and reeds, making it well adapted to agricultural wetlands as well as natural ones. This has earned it a bit of a reputation as a “rice-field pest” in some regions, but in reality, it plays an important role in shaping wetland vegetation. Unlike rats or mice that can be omnivorous, the Southwestern water vole is almost entirely herbivorous, feeding mainly on tender stems, shoots, and roots. Its sharp, chisel-like teeth make short work of tough plant matter.

Another big difference is in its behavior and habitat use. The Southwestern water vole is semi-aquatic, digging burrows into muddy banks and creating hidden runways through dense vegetation along the water’s edge. It is a strong swimmer and diver, using its webbed toes and sleek body to slip through streams and ponds with surprising agility. Unlike many rodents that are mostly nocturnal, this species is active both day and night, though it tends to be most busy in the early morning and late afternoon.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

France

2023

Portugal

2023

Spain

2023