A small, energetic monkey found only in Sri Lanka, making it endemic to the island and one of its most recognizable and culturally significant animals. Named for the unique shape of the hair on its head, which resembles a little cap or “toque,” this macaque is a highly social, intelligent, and adaptable primate that thrives in a range of habitats—from dry scrublands to rainforests and even temple grounds.

Toque macaques are generally reddish-brown or golden, with a pale underside, and their faces are pink or reddish, bare of fur and expressive. What really makes them stand out is the crown of hair that grows outward in all directions, giving them a charming and slightly wild appearance.

These macaques are diurnal and omnivorous, feeding on a mix of fruits, leaves, flowers, seeds, and small insects. In areas near human settlements, they have also learned to raid farms or scavenge for leftover food, making them highly opportunistic foragers. They are agile climbers and excellent jumpers, moving easily through trees and across rocky terrain.

Toque macaques live in large, complex social groups, sometimes with dozens of individuals. Each group has a clear hierarchy, with dominant males and females playing important roles in maintaining group order. Social grooming is essential for building bonds, resolving tension, and keeping the group cohesive. Mothers are especially attentive to their young, and juveniles are often seen playing together in lively, mischievous groups.

There are three recognized subspecies of the toque macaque, each adapted to a different region and climate of Sri Lanka: the dry zone, the wet zone, and the highlands. These subspecies show slight differences in appearance, behavior, and habitat preference.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Sri Lanka

EN

2015