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    Atelopus – Harlequin frogs

    Approximately 70% of its species are now classified as endangered or extinct

    This genus comprises a diverse group of brightly colored amphibians found primarily in Central and South America. These frogs are renowned for their vibrant and varied patterns, which can include bright hues of green, yellow, orange, and black, often forming intricate and striking designs. With over 100 species, Atelopus frogs inhabit a range of environments, from lowland rainforests to high-altitude cloud forests.

    Harlequin frogs are typically small to medium-sized, although some species can be slightly larger. Their slender bodies and long limbs are well adapted for their primarily terrestrial lifestyle. Unlike many other frogs, Atelopus species often have a more pronounced, upright posture and walk rather than hop, giving them a distinctive appearance and movement pattern.

    One of the most notable features of Atelopus frogs is their aposematic coloration. The bright colors serve as a warning to potential predators about their toxicity. Harlequin frogs possess skin toxins that can deter or harm predators, a defense mechanism that is crucial for their survival in the wild. These toxins are powerful enough to cause significant irritation or even paralysis in some predators, making the frogs less likely to be eaten.

    Unfortunately, the genus Atelopus is facing severe threats from habitat loss, climate change, and disease, particularly the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). This fungus has caused dramatic declines in amphibian populations worldwide, and Atelopus frogs have been among the hardest hit. Many species have experienced significant population declines, and some are feared to be extinct in the wild.