Conolophus – Galápagos land iguanas

The genus Conolophus is a fascinating group of iguanas endemic to the Galapagos Islands, renowned for their unique adaptations to the volcanic landscapes they inhabit. This genus includes three recognized species: the Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus), the pink iguana (Conolophus marthae), and the Santa Fe land iguana (Conolophus pallidus). All members of this genus are large, robust reptiles, with adults often reaching lengths of up to five feet and weighing around 25 pounds. Their appearance varies slightly by species, but they typically display a rugged body, strong limbs, and a crest of spiny scales along their backs.

The most well-known member of Conolophus is the Galapagos land iguana, characterized by its yellowish skin with brown or gray patches. It thrives on the dry, rocky terrain of the islands, where it feeds primarily on prickly pear cacti. This species has developed tough oral structures that allow it to eat cactus pads, spines, and all, which serve as a critical source of moisture during the dry season. Similarly, the Santa Fe land iguana is slightly paler in coloration but shares many of the same behaviors and ecological roles.

The pink iguana (Conolophus marthae), however, is the most enigmatic of the group. It was discovered relatively recently and distinguished by its rosy pink body and black stripes. This species is found only on the slopes of Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island and is critically endangered. Unlike its cousins, the pink iguana’s habitat is more restricted, and its population is under significant threat due to its limited range and the impact of invasive species such as feral cats and rats.