Ctenosaura – Spinytail iguanas

These iguanas are named for the distinctive rows of sharp, keeled scales running down their tails—spines that not only give them a fierce appearance but also serve as an effective defense mechanism. They’re famous for their speed, toughness, and ability to thrive in a variety of environments, from dry deserts and rocky hillsides to lush forests and coastal mangroves.

Physically, spiny-tailed iguanas are built for survival. They typically have robust, muscular bodies, long tails armed with sharp scales, and strong limbs for climbing and digging. Their coloration varies widely among species—some are dull gray or brown to blend in with rocks and tree bark, while others display brilliant hues of green, orange, or blue, especially during the breeding season. Males are generally larger and more colorful than females, often showing striking throat fans (dewlaps) and head crests that they use for displays and communication. These iguanas are primarily herbivorous, feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruit, though many species will also eat insects, eggs, or small animals when given the chance—a testament to their adaptability.

Behaviorally, Ctenosaura iguanas are known for being alert, fast, and territorial. They are diurnal, spending most of their days basking in the sun to regulate body temperature and retreating to burrows, hollow logs, or rocky crevices when threatened. Their tails aren’t just for show—they can lash out powerfully to deter predators, sometimes even drawing blood. These reptiles also have fascinating social behaviors, including head-bobbing displays, territorial chases, and even vocal hissing.

Yet, not all members of the genus are thriving. Several species are critically endangered due to habitat destruction, hunting, and the illegal pet trade. These island species have extremely limited ranges, making them especially vulnerable to environmental changes.