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    Phrynomantis – Rubber frogs

    Because of their shiny skin, they’ve often been described as “living gummy frogs” or “squeaky toys with legs”

    Found across sub-Saharan regions, these frogs earn their nickname from their smooth, shiny, rubbery-looking skin, making them look like little squeaky toys than living amphibians. Unlike the warty, rough-skinned toads or the slimy, moist frogs we usually picture, rubber frogs stand out with their glossy, almost polished bodies that give them a sleek, plastic-like appearance.

    Many species are burrowers, spending much of their lives underground to escape the heat and dryness of their habitats. They dig into loose soil or hide under leaf litter, only coming out during rainy weather when damp conditions are comfortable. Their round bodies and small heads give them a distinctive shape, and their bright colors—often reds, oranges, or contrasting black markings—serve as a warning to predators that they are not a safe snack. In fact, their skin produces toxins that make them unpalatable, so their flashy appearance doubles as a built-in “stay away” sign.

    Reproduction in rubber frogs is tied closely to the rainy season. When the rains arrive, males gather at temporary pools or puddles and call out with distinctive sounds that attract females. Eggs are laid in the water, and the tadpoles grow quickly to take advantage of the short-lived pools. Unlike direct-developing frogs such as rain frogs (Breviceps), Phrynomantis species still depend on water for their tadpoles, making rainfall patterns critical to survival. Their calls can often be heard echoing through the night after a downpour, turning the quiet landscape into a noisy chorus.