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    Sclerophrys

    Their calls are considered heralds of the rainy season

    A group of robust and adaptable amphibians primarily found in Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. These toads are known for their hardy nature, distinctive calls, and ability to thrive in various habitats. Sclerophrys toads are typically medium to large-sized amphibians, with adults ranging from 5-20 cm (2-8 in) in length, depending on the species. They have robust, squat bodies covered in warty skin, which can vary in color from brown and green to gray and yellow. This rough skin provides excellent camouflage against the natural backdrop of their habitats.

    A distinguishing feature of these toads is the presence of large parotoid glands located behind the eyes. These glands secrete a toxic substance that deters predators, making Sclerophrys toads less appealing to potential threats. Their eyes often have horizontal pupils, and they possess strong, muscular legs adapted for hopping and digging.

    These toads are widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, extending into parts of the Arabian Peninsula. They are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats. Their adaptability to different environments has contributed to their widespread distribution. Sclerophrys toads are often associated with water sources, such as ponds, streams, and temporary pools, which are essential for their breeding.