Its name, derived from the Dutch words ‘harte’ meaning ‘deer’ and ‘beest’ meaning ‘beast,’ offers a glimpse into the medium-sized antelope’s physical prowess and imposing presence. Characterized by its distinctive physique, the hartebeest combines agility and strength, making it one of the savannah’s most fascinating inhabitants.
The hartebeest’s unique body structure, including its long legs, distinctly slouched back, and elongated face, culminates in a pair of heavily ringed, lyre-shaped horns present in both males and females. These horns are not just for show; they play a critical role in the hartebeest’s defense mechanisms against predators and in contests of strength between males. Despite what might be perceived as an awkward build, the hartebeest is an exceptional runner, capable of reaching speeds up to 70 km/h (about 45 mph). This agility is a key survival trait, allowing them to outrun predators across the open plains.
Socially, hartebeests are gregarious animals that form large herds, a behavior that enhances their ability to detect and escape from predators. The size of these herds can vary dramatically, from a few hundred to over a thousand, depending on the availability of food and water resources. Within these herds, a complex social structure exists, comprising territorial adult males, non-territorial bachelors, females, and their young. Territorial males occupy and defend prime grazing areas, showcasing their strength and dominance to attract females and deter rivals. These territories are vigorously defended against any intruders, highlighting the hartebeest’s robust nature.
The diet of the hartebeest primarily consists of grasses. Their selective grazing helps to maintain the health and diversity of grassland ecosystems, showcasing their ecological importance. Despite their preference for open spaces, hartebeests require access to water sources, which influences their movements and distribution within the vast African savannah.
Distribution
Algeria
Official estimate
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Official estimate
Cameroon
Central Af. Rep.
Chad
Côte D’ivoire
DR Congo (Kinshasa)
Egypt
Official estimate
Eritrea
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Gambia
Official estimate
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Israel
Official estimate
Jordan
Official estimate
Kenya
Lesotho
Official estimate
Libya
Official estimate
Mali
Morocco
Official estimate
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Somalia
Official estimate
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Official estimate
Uganda
Zambia
ZimbabweAnything we've missed?
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Terrestrial / Aquatic
Altricial / Precocial
Polygamous / Monogamous
Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic
Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal
Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd
Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore
Migratory: Yes / No
Domesticated: Yes / No
Dangerous: Yes / No
