Northern giraffe

Most endangered giraffe species is witnessing silent extinction

Thomas Fuhrmann

Out of four giraffe species, this one is distinguished by irregular polygonal patches of varying paler colors between chestnut, orange, or chocolate, and the bull having an extra third ossicone (horn-like structure) measuring up to 12 cm (5 in). The legs below knee height are without spots and practically white.

This giraffe species occurs across northern sub-Saharan Africa and has three genetically recognized subspecies, namely- West African giraffe (G. c. peralta), Nubian giraffe (G. c. camelopardalis), and Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum).

Trophy hunting, illegal hunting, habitat loss, and fragmentation resulted in local extinction, and with the smallest known wild population estimates today, Northern giraffes are the most endangered giraffe species.

Distribution

Country
Population est.
Status
Year
Comments
Angola
2016
Botswana
2016
Burkina Faso
Official estimate
EX
216
Extinct locally, Vagrant
Cameroon
2016
Central Af. Rep.
2016
Chad
2016
DR Congo (Kinshasa)
2016
Eritrea
Official estimate
EX
Extinct 2011
Eswatini
2016
Introduced
Ethiopia
2016
Guinea
Official estimate
EX
Extinct 1999
Kenya
2016
Malawi
Official estimate
EX
Extinct locally, Vagrant
Mali
2016
Possibly Extinct
Mauritania
Official estimate
EX
Extinct locally
Mozambique
2016
Namibia
2016
Niger
2016
Nigeria
Official estimate
EX
Extinct 1998
Rwanda
2016
Introduced
Senegal
Official estimate
EX
Extinct locally
Somalia
2016
South Africa
2016
South Sudan
2016
Tanzania
2016
Uganda
2016
Zambia
2016
Zimbabwe
2016

Recent updates

Oct 2021:  According to a study published in the journal PeerJ, only about 5,000 Northern giraffes are left in the wild, which is much lower than previous estimates.

Did you know?

  • Patches cover more of their faces than their southern relatives.
  • Extensive hunting and exploitation resulted in only 49 individuals (by 1996) left in the wild of the subspecies West African giraffe. Still, conservation efforts resulted in a successful population recovery with 600+ individuals in 2018.
  • A sharp population decline of >80% over just thirty years for the subspecies Kordofan giraffe, with only around 1500 individuals, continues to decline.
  • In the 1980s and 1990s, their numbers were estimated at more than 13,704.
  • Ossicones are the ossified cartilage in giraffes. These protuberances on their head look like horns.
  • There are less than 6,000 Northern giraffes in the wild (this number is equivalent to the number of human births on Earth every hour), which is an alarmingly small population for this iconic megafauna.
  • They might be seen chewing bark and sometimes licking dried corpses during foraging.

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Get to know me

Terrestrial / Aquatic

Altricial / Precocial

Polygamous / Monogamous

Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic

Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal

Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd

Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore

Migratory: Yes / No

Domesticated: Yes / No

Dangerous: Yes / No

Northern giraffe on banknotes

Zimbabwe 5 Dollars (2016)