This species is known for its distinctive short, curved tail that arches over its back, giving it its “pig-tailed” name. Once considered a subspecies of the southern pig-tailed macaque, it is now recognized as a separate species due to its distinct appearance, behavior, and genetics. Strong, agile, and expressive, the Northern pig-tailed macaque is one of the region’s most remarkable and socially complex monkeys.

Physically, the Northern pig-tailed macaque is a medium-to-large monkey with a stocky, muscular body and a thick neck. Their fur is short and dense, usually a mix of olive-gray or brown tones, with lighter underparts and a distinct dark crown patch on top of the head. One of their most recognizable features is the pair of reddish lines that run from the eyes toward the temples, giving them a sharp, expressive look. Their faces are often pinkish with a slightly flattened muzzle, and males have longer cheek hair or “ruff,” which enhances their mature appearance. The tail, though short, is thick and expressive, often curled over the back like a question mark—an endearing and unique trait that sets them apart from other macaques.

These macaques are highly adaptable and occupy a variety of habitats, including tropical evergreen forests, deciduous woodlands, and secondary growth areas. They are both arboreal and terrestrial, foraging on the ground or climbing high into the canopy depending on food availability. Their diet is primarily frugivorous, meaning they prefer fruits, but they are also omnivorous generalists. They eat leaves, shoots, seeds, insects, bird eggs, and even small vertebrates. During the dry season, when fruit is scarce, they become resourceful and feed on roots, bark, and human crops. One particularly remarkable behavior involves eating stinging caterpillars—they cleverly remove the stingers by rubbing the caterpillars on leaves or the ground before eating them, showcasing problem-solving intelligence.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Bangladesh

2015

Cambodia

2015

China

2015

India

2015

Laos

2015

Myanmar

2015

Thailand

2015

Vietnam

2015