Found only in Puerto Rico and nowhere else in the world, this toad stands out with the raised ridge, or “crest,” that runs along its head, giving it a slightly crown-like look. Its skin is rough and bumpy, usually colored in shades of brown, gray, or olive, which helps it blend into rocky ground and dry landscapes. Unlike many people’s idea of a toad living near ponds or lush forests, this species is perfectly suited to dry coastal areas, limestone hills, and scrubby forests where water can be scarce.

One of the most interesting things about the Puerto Rican crested toad is how well it adapts to harsh living conditions. It spends much of its life hidden under rocks, in crevices, or buried in loose soil to avoid heat and dryness. When rain finally arrives, the toads emerge in large numbers, especially during the breeding season. They move quickly to temporary pools formed by rainfall, where males call to attract females. These breeding events are short but intense, making them one of the most dramatic moments in the toad’s life cycle. Their bodies are sturdy and compact, built more for survival than speed, and they rely on patience and timing rather than constant movement.

What truly sets the Puerto Rican crested toad apart is its incredible conservation story. For a time, it was believed to be extinct, as no one had seen one for decades. Then, in the late twentieth century, small populations were rediscovered, sparking major efforts to save the species. Today, it has become a symbol of wildlife recovery in Puerto Rico. Conservation programs have helped raise and release thousands of tadpoles into protected areas, giving the species a second chance. Few animals so clearly represent both how fragile island ecosystems can be and how much difference human care and attention can make.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

British Virgin Is.

Official estimate

EX

Extinct locally

Puerto Rico

2020

US Virgin Islands

Official estimate

EX

Extinct locally