A tiny, secretive reptile found only in a small part of northwestern Madagascar, specifically in the Ankarafantsika National Park. As one of the smallest and most well-camouflaged chameleons in the world, it lives a quiet life hidden among the leaf litter on the forest floor. Unlike the larger, tree-dwelling chameleons that many people are familiar with, the spiny leaf chameleon is a ground-dwelling species, perfectly adapted to life in the undergrowth of dry deciduous forests.

This tiny chameleon is colored in shades of brown and tan, helping it blend in almost completely with dead leaves, bark, and soil. What sets it apart is the row of tiny, spine-like scales along its back and head, giving it a rough texture and its common name. It has a short tail and a compact, flattened body, which helps it hide among leaves and twigs.

The spiny leaf chameleon is diurnal, meaning it is active at day, when it emerges to feed on small insects like ants, termites, and other tiny invertebrates. During the night, it remains completely still, relying on its camouflage to stay hidden from predators such as birds and snakes. Unlike the more colorful, tree-dwelling chameleons, it doesn’t change color dramatically. Instead, its strength lies in blending in, not standing out.

Because it’s so small and specialized, the spiny leaf chameleon is highly sensitive to changes in its environment. Unfortunately, this species is currently listed as Critically Endangered due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and slash-and-burn agriculture in its limited range. It is found in only one known area, and the destruction of that habitat puts the entire species at risk.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Madagascar

EN

2011