The common chameleon, also known as the Mediterranean chameleon and scientifically referred to as Chamaeleo chamaeleon, is a species found in various parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It has garnered widespread attention due to its remarkable color-changing ability and unique physical characteristics.
This species has a distinctive appearance, including a compressed body, a casque on the head, and a prehensile tail. Adult common chameleons can grow up to 35 centimeters (14 inches) in length. Their skin coloration is highly variable, consisting of a mix of green, brown, and black, which can change depending on factors such as light, temperature, and emotional state. These color changes are facilitated by specialized cells called chromatophores, which contain different pigments that can be rearranged to alter the color of the skin.
The independent movement of each eye allows the common chameleon to have an almost complete panoramic vision, enabling it to look in two different directions simultaneously. This is particularly useful for spotting potential threats or prey without moving its body, which could reveal its presence.
As predators, common chameleons are adept hunters. They primarily feed on insects but are also known to consume spiders and other small invertebrates and occasionally small vertebrates like birds and lizards. Their hunting strategy is of patience and precision; they wait motionless for prey to come within striking distance and then project their sticky, elastic tongue to capture it. The tongue can be twice the length of their body, allowing them to reach prey from a distance.
The prehensile tail of the common chameleon is another feature that reflects its arboreal lifestyle. It acts as a fifth limb, providing stability and grip as they navigate through the branches. This tail cannot be regenerated if lost, unlike the tails of some other lizard species.
Distribution
Algeria
Cyprus
Egypt
Greece
Iraq
Israel
Italy
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Malta
Morocco
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Spain
Syria
Tunisia
Turkey
YemenAnything we've missed?
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Terrestrial / Aquatic
Altricial / Precocial
Polygamous / Monogamous
Dimorphic (size) / Monomorphic
Active: Diurnal / Nocturnal
Social behavior: Solitary / Pack / Herd
Diet: Carnivore / Herbivore / Omnivore / Piscivorous / Insectivore
Migratory: Yes / No
Domesticated: Yes / No
Dangerous: Yes / No
