A large, powerful primate of the Amazon rainforest, and one of South America’s most distinctive monkeys. As its name suggests, it is covered in thick, soft fur that can range in color from gray to brown, giving it a plush, “woolly” appearance. These monkeys are among the bigger New World primates, with long, muscular limbs suited for life in the trees. Perhaps their most remarkable feature is their prehensile tail, which is so strong and dexterous that it acts like a fifth limb. They can hang their entire body weight from it and use the tip almost like a fingertip for grasping branches or fruit.

Its social complexity makes the common woolly monkey stand out among primates. They live in large, fluid groups, sometimes numbering 40 or more individuals, though they often break into smaller foraging parties during the day. These groups are highly social, relying on vocalizations, body language, and even facial expressions to communicate. Woolly monkeys are known for their intelligence and curiosity, and their playful nature is often noted by researchers observing them in the wild. Their diet is primarily frugivorous—heavy on fruit—but they also eat leaves, flowers, seeds, and the occasional insect. By spreading seeds through their droppings, they play a vital role in maintaining the health and diversity of the rainforest ecosystem.

The woolly monkey also has a fascinating history in science and conservation. In the 20th century, it became one of the first New World monkeys studied extensively in captivity, helping researchers learn about primate behavior, reproduction, and cognition. Unfortunately, this species has also suffered greatly from hunting and habitat loss. Their large size and gentle nature made them targets for bushmeat hunters, and they are sometimes captured for the illegal pet trade.

Distribution

Country

Population est.

Status

Year

Comments

Brazil

2020

Amazonas

Colombia

2020

Ecuador

2020

Peru

2020

Venezuela

2020

Presence Uncertain